Turbine.



7 PATENTBD MAY 29 G. L. MUNDIGLER. I

I TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1900.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNEISS s.

INVENTOI? No. 822,069. PATENTED MAY 29, 1906. G. L. MUNDIGLER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAE. "I, 19 06.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

r Y w PATBNTED MAY 29, 1906.

G- L. MUNDIGLER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILEDVMAR. 7, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ATTORNEYS ,GEORG LEOPOLD MUN DIGLER,

OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 29, 1906.

Application filed March '7, 1906. Serial No. 804,721.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnone LEOPOLD MUN- DIGLER, a subject of the Emperorof Austria- Hungary, and a resident of Milwaukee, in the county ofMilwaukee and State of Wisconsin,

have invented a new and Improved Turbine, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention is animprovement in steamturbines of the Parsons type,whereby I have reduced the cost and increased the efficiency of thesame.

The details of construction, arrangement, and operation of parts are ashereinafter set forth, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved turbine. Fig. 2 is adiagrammatic sectional view illustrating in detail the construetion andarrangement of the steam-inlets and guides with reference to the radialshaftblades. Fig. 3 is in part a longitudinal section and in part a sideview of my turbine. Fig. 4 is an irregular crossesection on the line 4 4of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an irregular cross-section on the line 5 5 of Fig.3. Fig. 6 is a perspective'view of one of the'combined steaminlet tubesand guides. Fig. 7 is a plan view of one of the conical sections of theinner casing of the turbine.

For ready distinction of the movable fmm the immovable parts of theturbine I will hereinafter designate the former by numerals and thelatter by lower-case letters.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, 41 indicates the outer cylindrical casing ofthe turbine, and b the inner casing thereof. The latter is constructedin two duplicate parts, each being conical and the smaller ends of thecones being placed opposite and bolted together with an interveningannular partition 0, which surrounds the shaft 1 and forms a steam-tightjoint therewith. The outer ends of the inner casing-sections b areriveted at d to the ends and conical-heads a. of the outer casing. Thusall the parts a, 0., I), and c are rigidly connected. The steam or othermotive uid is admitted at the top and ce'nterof the outer casing a by apipe 0 and enters an annular space 00, which exists between the casingsa and I). Exhaust is provided for at each end of the casings by means ofthe conical hollow heads a, the same having pendent portions a withwhich exhaust-pipcsf are connected,

the same leading to a common discharge 9.

I will now describe the connection and arrangeinent of partsconstituting the shaftpro elling media proper. As in the Parsons another well-known forms of steam-turbine,

the shaft 1 is provided with a series of eir-' cumferential rows ofblades which are angular or curved in cross-section, the rows beingcommonly spaced a art to receive corresponding blades Whic are fixed tothe casing.

In my turbine, as in others of its general class,"

the steam or other .motive fluid has axial flow; but I provide numerousinlets for the steam, whereby it passes from the annular steam-space asinto spaces between the series of circumferential rows of blades. thatare fixed to the shaft 1. The means I employ for this urpose are tubesarran ed in series hut. See Figs. 2,3,6, and 7. since the innercasing-sections b are duplicates, both as totheir construction and formper'saand the steam-inlet tubes and the blades connected therewith, itwill be understood that the following description applies to one as wellas the other. As shown in Fig. 6, each tubeis slotted longitudinally,and it is arranged radially within the inner casing b, it being securedthereto at the outer end by a screw-joint or other preferred form of joint. In every case the arrangement of the tube is such that thelongitudinal slot Z is on the outer sidc-that is to say, on the sidetoward the adjacent conical end a of the casing aso that the steamadmitted to the several tubes escapes in one direction and hasan axialflow relative to the shaft 1. The first row of steam-inlet tubes 72. isarranged between the annular partition '0 and the adjacent row ofshaft-blades 6, and the next row of steam-inlet tubes is arrangedbetween the said shaft-blades 6 and the next row of shaft-blades 7. Theinner ends of the tubes h i are preferably closed, as indicated in Fig.3, and abut or are close 'to the periphery of the shaft 1. The length ofthe blades of the two series of shaft-blades 6 and 7 is also such thatthey extend to the inner periphery of the casing a. Thus the steam )ingfrom the'tangential slots Z (see Fig. 2) o the tubes h and i enters thespace between the shaft blades 6 and 7 of the adjacent series throughoutnearly their whole length. In other words, the escape of steam from thetubes h i and the reaction thereof on the shaft-blades 6 and 7 isthroughout almost the entire length of thelatter. With respect to theremaining steam-inlet tubes 7c and the shaft-blades with which. they arecon nected and coact the case is different. Owing to the conical form ofthe inner casing b,it is apparent that the outer series of shalt-bladeswould require to be of great length or at least of greater length thanis usually considered practicable. This is compensated for in theordinary type of Parsons turbine by providing the shaft with a series ofcircumferential enlargements or drums, upon the pe,

ripheries of which the blades arranged, the wheel being thusdistinguished by what are called. stages. 1 dispense with this ar-.rangement and provide a freer escape of steam and also attain greaterpower as well as reduction of weight and cost of the turbine. l dividethe longer blades into two parts or radial sections, as indicated inFigs. 3 and 4. Thus the blades 8, hich are fixed radially on the shaft1, extend to and are connected with the ring 9, and the bases of theentire-series of outer blades 8 are also connected with the same ring 9.In other words, the blades 8 and 8 constitute two distinctseries'arranged in radial alinement, the outer ends of one and tr einner ends of the other seri as being rigidly connected. Thus the bladesof each series 8 8 are practically short and have thereforecorresponding strength. The same arrangement. is adopted in respect tothe outer series of blades 10 10) Thus, as shown in Fig. 3, the innerblades 10 are connected their outer ends with the ring 11,.

and the bases of the outer blades 10 are fixed in this ring. The ring 11thus intervenes the two series cl blades 10 10 and rigidly connects theouter. ends of the series 10 and forms a -firm seat for the outer-series10*.

The steam-inlet tubes j k of the two outer rows or series arepractically of about the same length as the tubes of the inner series hc', and hence the steam which scapcs from the tubes h acts mainly uponthe adjacent blades 8 and 10 of the two outer series of shaft-blades,access of steam from such tubes 9' to the inner series of shaft-blades 8and "i being c at oil by the rings 9 and 1 1. it necessary, however, toprov'id efixcd angular guides for steam between the inner series ofshaftblades, and-these will be of a length equal to the distance betweenthe inner ends oi the tubes It" and the shaft 1. As indicated, (see Fig.3,) guido-blades m are fixed at their outer ends in a ring 71, thatjoinsthe inner ends of the tubes There are thus two rings/n, which a reconcentric with the shaft 1 and located cqui'distantly from thepcriphcry oi'ithc conical inncr'casing ('1 and constitute a firm.support for the stationary guideblades m, which intervene theshaft-blades. it will be seen that l arrange a series of rows ofsteam-inlet tubes h i in around the inner casing l), the same projccti-ng inward between seaoee the shaft-blades and being arranged withtheir slotted sides adjacent to the shaftblades, so as to deliver steamdirectly thereto, and, further, that in the space where the conical formof the casing would otherwise necessitate too long shaft-blades thelatter are divided into two radial series whose outer and inner ends areconnected by a ring. Further, it will be seen that while the steam admitted to the first two tubes h i acts upon the adjacent shaft-blades 67 throughout their entire length the steam admitted to the tubes y' laacts upon the outer series of divided blades 8 and 10. A portion of thesteam which reacts upon the blades 6 and 7 passes in an axial directionalongside the shaft 1. and acts upon the base portions of theshaftblades 8 and 10, it being guided from one set to the other by theintervening fixed blades m, that project inward from the rings n, whichconnect the inner ends of. the tubes As will be observed from aninspection of Figs. 2 and 3, the steanr-inlet tubes are not made of suchdiameter as to completcl y fill the space between the shaft-blades, butare made of about one-half the diameter of said space and are providedwith tangential flanges 0, which constitute so many steamguidcs. 1nother words, the flanges pro ect in such direction and are so arrangedas to be parallel to the planes of the shaft-blades which may be broughtdirectly opposite to them. The steam thus passes easily from theshatt-blades after acting thereon along the surfaces of the flanges 0and around the adjacent portion of the tubes proper, and thus entersbetween the shatt-blades of an adjacent series and acts thereon, asbefore.

It will be seen that the several tubes provide for a free admission ofsteam between and adjacent to the shaft-blades, so that a powerfulreaction on the latter is obtained, and, further, that the arrangementof the tubes is such as to provide the roost escape of steam axially,while securing the highest effect due to reaction. In brief, 1 provide aclearance space for steam, which enlarges from the inner to the outerend of the inner casing b and in which there are no surfaces directlyopposing the progress of the steam save those by which reaction andpower are obtained. other words, the steam does not meet at any pointwith a radial shoulder or abutment, as in the case of the drum or stageconstruction of turbine, and by the provision of short outer steam-inlettubes a free space is left adjacent to the shaft for passage of thosteam admitted from the j'n'imary inlet-tubes or those located nearestthe inner smaller end of the casing. Again, by the division of the innercasing into two duplicate parts which enlarge from their meeting endsoutward the steam which enters each travels a comparaupon theshaft, andthusI obtain in power a much greater effect than would be practicablewere the steam'to traverse a casing having the aggregated length of boththe conical sections.

What I claim is- 1. In a turbine of the class indicated, the combinationwith a rotary shaft and an outer casing, of an inner casing of conicalform, the two -casings be ng rig dly connected and a free steam-spaceintervening them, a series of steam-inlet tubes attached to and arrangedrad-ally in circular rows in the inner casing and provided with openingsin the outer side, and a series of radial blades fixed on the shaft andintervening such tubes, substantially as described.

2. In a turb ne of the class indicated, the combi nation with a rotaryshaft having a series of radial blades, and an outer casing, of an innercasing of conical form, the two casings being separated to space, aseries of steam-in et tubes attached to and arranged radially within theinner easing, and provided with tangential lateral t guides,substantially as described.

3. The combination with a rotary shaft having a series of radial blades,and an outer casing, of an ,inner casing having a double conical formand its enlarged ends being secured to the outer casing, an annularpartition separating the inner casing-sections from each other, a seriesof steam-inlet tubes arranged radially in and secured to the innercasing, and provided with o enings in'the r outer sides and tan entialanges on their rear or inner sides, su stantially as described.

4. The combination with a rotary shaft having circumferential rows ofblades, and an outer casing, of an inner casing having a conical formand secured to the outer casing,

and a. space intervening them for free admission of steam, a series ofsteam-inlet tubes attached to and arranged within the inner casing andprovided with 'openin s in their outer sides which are adjacent to t 1erows of shaft-blades, the shaft being of'uniform diameter and the steamadmitted at the sev-' eral points by the several series of tubes pass-'ing axially and radually expanding between the shaft and t 1egradually-enlarging space provided by the conical form of the casing,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with a rotary shaft having a un form diameter and theseveral series of radial blades, and an outer cylindrical casing, of aninner casing secured at its outer ends to the outer casing and having 'aconical form, steam-inlet tubes arranged radially within the/innercasing and secured to the periphery thereof, the same being arranged incircumferential rows and spaced apart, and intervenng the shaft-blades,several of the outer series of shal t-blades beingdirovide a'steamfformsa firm base for the outer set, substantially as described.

6. .The combination with a rotary shaft and an outer casing, of an innercasing hav ing a conical form and provided with several series ofsteam-inlet tubes hav ng slots in their outer sides adjacent to theshaft-blades, the tubes nearest the inner end of the conical casingextending to the shaft and adjacent the shaft-blades extending to theperiphery of the casing, the succeeding or outer series of steam-inlettubes extending-but part way to the shaft, their inner ends beingconnected by rings and a series of steam-guides being attached to saidring and projecting radially inward, and the shaft-blades which coactwith such guides being correspondingly divided each into two sets, aring intervenin the two sets and connecting the outer ends 0 I the innerset and furnishin the base for the outer set, substantially as escribed.

7. The combination with a rotar shaft and an outerand inner casingrigidy connected thereto, of a series of steam-inlet tubes havingopenings in their outer sides, the tubes of the several series beingapproximately uniform in length so that those in the outer rows areremoved from the shaft, while ends, and a series of guide-blades m beingattached thereto and projecting radially inward, the shaft beingprovided with several series of rad al blades intervening a series oftubes, whereby steam admitted to the tubes at the inner end of thecasing-acts upon the adjacent blades throughout their whole" lengthwhile the steam entering the tubes of the outer series acts only uponthe outer ortion of the blades, substantially as descri ed.

8.- The combination with a shaft having a uniform diameter, of asurrounding casing which is tapered from one end to the other, a seriesof steam-inlet tubes arran ed radially within and secured to the peripcry of the casingand provided with slots on the side toward the outerend of the casing, the tubes of the several series being of nearly thesame length, and a ring rigidly connecting their inner ends, and aseries of inner tubes arranged radially within the ring and their outerends attached thereto, a series of blades projecting inward from thering and serving as steamguides, the blades on that portion of theshaftadjacent to the inner tubes being extended to the length permitted bythe diameter of the casing and the bladcson the outer portion of theshaft being formed in two sets with an'intervening ring to which theyare secured, steam having thus direct passage from the inner end of thecasing to the outer end par allel to the shaft, and another portion ofthe IIO I 9. The combination with a shaft having radial blades and asurroundil easing, of

steaniinlet tubes secured to th e said casing and projecting inwardbetween the shaftblades and provided with openings on the sides whichare close to the latter and on their opposite sides'With guidefla11gesthat extend to the row of blades in rear of the tubes, substantially asdescribed.

G eaaeee 10. The combination with a shaft having radial blades and asurrounding casing, of a series of steam-inlet tubes attached to andprojecting inward from the periphery hi the casing and having on. theirouter sides openings for discharge of steam upon the adjacent blades,substantially as described.

GEORG LEOPOLD MUNDIGLER.

Witnesses:

EDGAR L. W001), JOSEPH P. Niel-hem.

